220 research outputs found

    Algorithms for Triangles, Cones & Peaks

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    Three different geometric objects are at the center of this dissertation: triangles, cones and peaks. In computational geometry, triangles are the most basic shape for planar subdivisions. Particularly, Delaunay triangulations are a widely used for manifold applications in engineering, geographic information systems, telecommunication networks, etc. We present two novel parallel algorithms to construct the Delaunay triangulation of a given point set. Yao graphs are geometric spanners that connect each point of a given set to its nearest neighbor in each of kk cones drawn around it. They are used to aid the construction of Euclidean minimum spanning trees or in wireless networks for topology control and routing. We present the first implementation of an optimal O(nlog⁥n)\mathcal{O}(n \log n)-time sweepline algorithm to construct Yao graphs. One metric to quantify the importance of a mountain peak is its isolation. Isolation measures the distance between a peak and the closest point of higher elevation. Computing this metric from high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) requires efficient algorithms. We present a novel sweep-plane algorithm that can calculate the isolation of all peaks on Earth in mere minutes

    Parallel Triplet Finding for Particle Track Reconstruction. [Mit einer ausfĂŒhrlichen deutschen Zusammenfassung]

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    Efficient Yao Graph Construction

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    Yao graphs are geometric spanners that connect each point of a given point set to its nearest neighbor in each of k cones drawn around it. Yao graphs were introduced to construct minimum spanning trees in d dimensional spaces. Moreover, they are used for instance in topology control in wireless networks. An optimal ?(n log n)-time algorithm to construct Yao graphs for a given point set has been proposed in the literature but - to the best of our knowledge - never been implemented. Instead, algorithms with a quadratic complexity are used in popular packages to construct these graphs. In this paper we present the first implementation of the optimal Yao graph algorithm. We engineer the data structures required to achieve the ?(n log n) time bound and detail algorithmic adaptations necessary to take the original algorithm from theory to practice. We propose a priority queue data structure that separates static and dynamic events and might be of independent interest for other sweepline algorithms. Additionally, we propose a new Yao graph algorithm based on a uniform grid data structure that performs well for medium-sized inputs. We evaluate our implementations on a wide variety of synthetic and real-world datasets and show that our implementation outperforms current publicly available implementations by at least an order of magnitude

    A Sweep-Plane Algorithm for Calculating the Isolation of Mountains

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    One established metric to classify the significance of a mountain peak is its isolation. It specifies the distance between a peak and the closest point of higher elevation. Peaks with high isolation dominate their surroundings and provide a nice view from the top. With the availability of worldwide Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), the isolation of all mountain peaks can be computed automatically. Previous algorithms run in worst case time that is quadratic in the input size. We present a novel sweep-plane algorithm that runs in time ?(nlog n+pT_NN) where n is the input size, p the number of considered peaks and T_NN the time for a 2D nearest-neighbor query in an appropriate geometric search tree. We refine this to a two-level approach that has high locality and good parallel scalability. Our implementation reduces the time for calculating the isolation of every peak on Earth from hours to minutes while improving precision

    Measuring performance in dynamic decision making. Reliabiblity and validity of the Tailorshop simulation

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    The Tailorshop simulation is a computer-based dynamic decision-making task in which participants lead a fictional company for 12 simulated months. The present study investigated whether the performance measure in the Tailorshop simulation is reliable and valid. The participants were 158 employees from different companies. Structural equation models were used to test τ-equivalent measurement models. The results indicate that the trends of the company value between the second and the twelfth month are reliable variables. Furthermore, this measure predicted real-life job performance ratings by supervisors and was associated with the performance in another dynamic decision-making task. Thus, the trend of the company value provides a reliable and valid performance indicator for the Tailorshop simulation

    Load-Balancing for Parallel Delaunay Triangulations

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    Automatisierte Herstellungstechnologie zur Fertigung von dĂŒnnwandigen 3D-geformten Verbundelementen fĂŒr nachhaltige energieeffiziente Fassadenlösungen – „GreenFACE“

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    Zielstellung des Forschungsprojektes war die Entwicklung eines montagefertigen Verbundsystems aus vorgefertigten Elementen, Verankerungen und Unterkonstruktion zur Umsetzung nachhaltiger Fassadenlösungen. Dabei wurde ein neuer mineralischer Materialverbund mit textiler VerstĂ€rkung eingesetzt, der die Fertigung extrem dĂŒnnwandiger 3D-geformter Elemente mit hoher Passgenauigkeit gestattet. Das somit eröffnete sehr große Leichtbaupotential geht mit einer starken Gewichtsreduktion einher und ermöglicht damit erhebliche Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparungen. ...The aim of the research project was the development of an assembly working system consisting of careful elements, anchors and substructure for the development of leading facade solutions. Has become a new mineral composite material with a textile ef ect, which allows the production of extremely narrow-walled 3D high-performance elements with a high degree of accuracy. This means that there is a very great potential for lightweight construction, with a strong weight reduction and thus enables what it is to do. ..

    Hilfsmittelversorgung bei der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose

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    Einleitung Die amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) ist eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung der Motoneurone, die durch fortschreitende LĂ€hmungen der WillkĂŒrmuskulatur charakterisiert ist und mit hohen Bedarfen zum Erhalt der SelbststĂ€ndigkeit, Kommunikation und zum Erhalt lebenswichtiger Funktionen wie Atmung und ErnĂ€hrung einhergeht. Die Hilfsmittelversorgung bei der ALS ist von verschiedenen psychosozialen und sozioökonomischen Faktoren und technischen Eigenschaften der Hilfsmittel geprĂ€gt. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Hilfsmittelversorgung bei der ALS liegen bisher nur wenige vor. Methodik Bei Studie 1 wurde die gesamte Hilfsmittelversorgung an 12 ALS-Zentren in Deutschland retrospektiv ausgewertet, die innerhalb eines digitalen Fallmanagement-Netzwerkes (Ambulanzpartner) versorgt wurden. Neben demographischen und krankheitsspezifischen Daten wurden Spezifizierung der Hilfsmittel, Datum der Hilfsmittelanforderung und Lieferung beziehungsweise Ablehnung des Hilfsmittels und GrĂŒnde fĂŒr die Ablehnung eines Hilfsmittels erfasst. FĂŒr Studie 2 wurde die Hilfsmittelversorgung mit Orthesen, therapeutischen BewegungsgerĂ€ten, Kommunikationshilfen und ElektrorollstĂŒhlen an vier spezialisisierten ALS-Ambulanzen zwischen Juni 2011 und Oktober 2014 ausgewertet und die Versorgungsraten und -latenzen fĂŒr die fĂŒnf hĂ€ufigsten KostentrĂ€ger der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und Versicherten der Privaten Krankenversicherungen verglichen. FĂŒr Studie 3 wurden zehn in Deutschland eingesetzte mechanische Hustenhilfen in vitro hinsichtlich der Vergleichbarkeit ihrer exspiratorischen SpitzenflĂŒsse einschließlich der VerĂ€nderungen durch das eingesetzte Equipment unter vergleichbaren Einstellparametern untersucht. Ergebnisse Studie 1 ergab, dass die Hilfsmittelgruppen der RollstĂŒhle, Orthesen, Alltags- und Badezimmerhilfen, Betten und Dekubitusmaterialien und Kommunikationshilfen am HĂ€ufigsten vertreten waren. Die Gesamtversorgungsrate fĂŒr alle Hilfsmittel lag bei 70,2%. FĂŒr komplexe Hilfsmittelkategorien zeigten sich deutlich geringere Versorgungsraten. Eine Ablehnung durch den KostentrĂ€ger war der hĂ€ufigste Grund fĂŒr die Ablehnung bzw. das Nicht-Zustandekommen einer Hilfsmittelversorgung. Es zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede der Ablehnungsraten und Latenzen zwischen den KostentrĂ€gern und den untersuchten Hilfsmittelgruppen. In Studie 3 zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede der Leistungen der verschiedenen GerĂ€te am GerĂ€teausgang und zwischen eingesetztem zusĂ€tzlichen Zusatzmaterial innerhalb einer definierten Hilfsmittelgruppe. Diskussion In den drei Studien dieser Arbeit ist die nicht-pharmakologische Behandlung bei der ALS Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Zu nicht-medikamentösen Behandlungsoptionen liegen bisher nur wenige Studien vor. Es zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede in den Versorgungsraten der untersuchten Hilfsmittel. Innerhalb einzelner Hilfsmittelgruppen zeigen sich deutliche Unterschiede der Leistungen einzelner Hilfsmittel. Bei der ALS hat die Versorgung mit komplexen Hilfsmitteln einen hohen Stellenwert. Bei den vorliegenden Untersuchungen handelt es sich um Pilotstudien, die den hohen Bedarf an bisher fehlenden systematischen Versorgungsdaten adressieren und helfen können, die symtomatische und palliative Behandlung der amyotrophen Lateralsklerose zu optimieren sowie einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung von Leitlinen und Versorgungsstandards leisten sollen.Introduction Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease of the motor neurons that leads to progressive loss of function of the voluntary muscles. ALS addresses high demands in preserving independency, communication and vital functions such as respiration and nutrition. Provision of assistive devices in ALS is determined by heterogeneous psychosocial and socioeconomic factors as well as technological characteristics of the devices. Only a few systematic studies exist that address assistive devices in ALS. Methods In study number 1, the provision of assistive devices in 12 German ALS clinics was analysed retrospectively, by means of a digital case management network (in German “Ambulanzpartner”). Demographic and disease specific data, specification of assistive devices, date of device delivery or rejection and reasons for rejection were captured and analysed. In study number 2, the provision with orthoses, motorized movement trainers, communication aids and powered wheelchairs was captured from four specialised ALS clinics between June 2011 and October 2014. Provisions rates and latencies were analysed and compared for the five most frequent statutory health insurances and private health insurances. In study number 3, ten different mechanical insufflators/ exsufflators available in Germany were analysed in vitro and exspiratoric peak flows and changes in peak flows were compared with similar parameter-settings, including the changes caused by different equipment. Results The most common assistive devices were wheelchairs, orthoses, aids for daily living/ bathroom adaptations, special beds and patient positioning devices. In total, the delivery rate was 70.2% with lower delivery rates for complex assistive devices. The refusal of the health insurance to cover the costs was the most common reason for rejection of assistive devices with significant differences of delivery rates and latencies between the insurance companies and different assistive devices. Study number 3 revealed significant differences between the characteristics of different devices within one defined group of assistive devices and further significant differences regarding additional materials for these devices. Discussion In the studies the non-pharmacological treatment in ALS was examined. Only a few studies exist that address this topic. There are significant differences in the provision rates and characteristics of the investigated assistive devices. In ALS complex assistive devices dominate. The 3 studies are pilot studies and address the high demand for systematic data and analyses regarding non-pharmacological treatment. Goal of the studies is to improve the symptomatic and palliative treatment in ALS and to address the lack in systematic standards and guidelines in that field
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